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科技是如何破坏环境让环境全球变暖4篇
科技是如何破坏环境让环境全球变暖篇1
科技发展对环境的破坏及影响
——以英国工业革命时期的环境污染和治理为例
摘要：英国是世界上第一个发生工业革命的国家。从生态环境的视角来考察，工业革命在大力发展科技的同时也造成了人类历史上第一次大规模的环境污染。后经过长期的环境治理工程，才改变了其环境污染的状况。在世界范围内，英国形成了典型的“先污染，后治理”的模式。从工业革命时期的环境污染到今天蓝天白云的生态典范，英国留给了人们大量的经验和教训。这对当下正处在工业化的中国具有一定的借鉴与教育意义。
关键词：英国 工业革命 环境污染 环境治理 历史教训
在人类历史上，伴随着工业革命的发生，英国成为第一个开始工业化进程的国家。对这场工业革命和工业化，人们给予了高度的评价，认为这是人类历史发展的新纪元，它告别了农业文明，引领人类走向了工业文明。但在今天，重新回顾近代英国的工业革命和工业化进程，可以发现，它带给人类的不尽是福祉，也还有重大的失误和惨痛的教训。正如生活在工业革命时代的英国著名作家狄更斯所说：那是最好的年代，也是最糟的年代；
那是光明的时节，也是黑暗的时节；
那是希望的春季，也是悲伤的冬日。有鉴于此，本文从生态环境的视角来考察英国工业革命时期的环境污染和环境治理，而这或许对正处在工业化的当下中国具有一定的借鉴意义。
一 英国工业革命的发展概况
从18世纪50年代开始，英国开始了工业革命。工业革命的展开是由一系列发明所引发的，而这些发明又被很快地应用到实际的生产中，并形成了大规模的生产组织形式——工厂制度。从此，英国开始进入到了一个工业生产的新阶段。相对于原来的家庭手工业来说，工厂制生产具有这样鲜明的特点，一是使用机器特别是瓦特的“蒸汽机”代替了原来使用风力、人力等自然性资源；
二是机器的使用突破了原来对建造工厂的种种自然条件的限制，改变了工厂的空间布局；
三是工厂的规模不断扩大扩展，一些大型的工厂遍布全国，生产率也不断提高。
工厂制的另外一个最为重要的特点是，工厂主是在为了利润而生产，大规模的工业生产可以迅速地增加个人的财富，满足着人们对金钱的渴望。并且正是在工厂制度下，或者说在工业体系下，工厂主不顾一切地扩大生产赚取利润的这种内在冲动，也能在机器这一物质力量的条件下得到实现和放大。
二 工业革命给英国带来的严峻的环境污染问题
在工业革命这100年的时间里，正如马克思所说，资本主义的近代大工业创造了前所未有的生产力和巨大的财富。但是，也应该看到，由于在利益的支配下，在工厂制度内在的利润法则支配下，工业的发展给环境也带来了巨大的破坏。实际上，工业发展的越快，机器使用的规模越大，对环境的破坏也就越严重，其主要体现在这样几个方面。
一是煤烟滚滚，烟雾弥漫。学术界一致认为，在英国工业革命中，煤炭成为最为重要的能源，如果说蒸汽机直接提供了工业动力的话，那么煤炭就是蒸汽机的直接能源。简言之，从1780年到1880年的100年间，英国利用自己的煤炭储备所提供的能源建立了世界上技术最先进、最有活力和最繁荣的经济。同时也应该看到，正是煤炭的广泛应用，导致了英国历史上最为严重的大气污染时期。由于那时没有任何环境保护的措施，煤在燃烧时释放出的含有二氧化硫等有害物质的滚滚浓烟，成为了人们常津津乐道的蒸汽机的特色和工业革命的特征。
当时曼彻斯特和附近的一些小城市，到处都弥漫着煤烟，在煤烟的侵蚀下，原来漂亮的红砖建筑物都变成了黑砖，给人一种特别阴暗的印象。为了靠近水源和水路运输线，工厂又集中建在河谷的底部，因此，沿河地带工厂林立，空气污浊。在伯明翰地区，炼钢业的发展使城市上空整日锤声回荡，夜间则被熔炉的火光照得通红，整个地区成为了名符其实的“黑乡”。在伦敦，烟与雾相互混杂，形成浓浓的黄色烟雾，长年萦绕在城市上空，著名小说家狄更斯将此斥之为“伦敦特色”。
二是河流的污染，在英国工业革命中，棉纺织业是第一个实现机械化的行业，也是生产量最大的部门，其对环境的污染也最为严重。由于工厂主只顾自己的利益，而不顾及环境的问题，直接将纺织厂生产过程中所产生的污水排进河中，使河流遭到污染。而纺织业的发展带动了化学印染工业的发展。正如当时人所说，新工业带来了新的污水，但“排水的河道和沟渠依然处于自然状态”，水质严重恶化。
三是自然环境和城市环境的恶化。在工业革命中，继棉纺织业之后，钢铁业也获得了突飞猛进的发展。但是作为重工业的钢铁业对环境的破坏相当严重。炼铁业的发展直接导致了对森林的大肆砍伐。而这样的破坏直接带来了生态环境的恶化，在英国，大片的森林早已不复存在，人造林的面积也特别小，直至今日，英国的郊外依然是草多树少。
因此，可以看到，工业革命在创造了巨大财富，建立起了现代大工业生产方式的同时，也给环境造成了严重的破坏。以往人们在大力赞扬英国的“烟囱林立，浓烟滚滚”的繁荣景象时，却忽略了其背后所隐含的那些环境污染的危害。如果说工业革命是人类历史上第一次建立起了大工业，那么同样可以说，正是以此为开端，人类也开始了大规模的对自然环境、生态环境的征服与破坏。1872年，英国人罗伯特·史密斯第一次创造了“酸雨”这个词汇，来指称工业污染所造成的雨水酸化现象，今天我们常说的“温室效应”其实早在英国工业革命时期就已开始。
不仅如此，环境污染的严重，生态环境的恶化所导致的直接后果就是疾病流行。这里整理了一些骇人听闻的数据：1831年至1832年，英国爆发霍乱，造成约2.2万人死亡。1848年霍乱再次发生，其程度比1832年还要严重，死亡人数超过7.2万。1854年，英国又爆发了第三次霍乱，伦敦在10天中就有500人死亡。1866年，霍乱第四次爆发。如果说霍乱的爆发是水污染的原因，那么，各种烟气、热气和毒气也直接带来了多种呼吸道疾病的流行。在英国，肺结核、支气管炎、肺炎、上呼吸道感染已经成为常见病和导致死亡的最大原因。仅在伦敦，1873、1880、1892和1952年就发生过四次毒雾事件，造成非常惨重的死亡。1952年的这次烟雾事件在四天内就有4000多人死亡。
三 针对环境污染问题英国政府的对应政策
19世纪中后期，日益严峻的环境污染问题和疾病的流行引起了社会的强烈反应，一方面是工人阶级的反抗斗争，要求改善自己的生存现状和生活环境，因此，环境问题引发成为了社会问题；
另一方面，环境污染问题也日益成为全社会共同关心的问题。因此一批社会热心人士开始在民间展开各种调查，呼吁政府特别是议会进行干预，解决环境污染和疾病流行的问题。在这样的情况下，英国议会开始进行了大规模的环境调查，并在了解和掌握了大量材料与数据的基础上，通过了多部法律，试图从立法上来寻求解决途径。
为了解决水污染和城市用水问题，1847年英国议会通过了《河道法令》，规定，禁止污染任何作为公共供水水源的河流、水库、供水系统的管道及其他部分，授权卫生管理机构对没有实施供水防污措施的机构切断供水。1848年又颁布了第一部改善工业城镇环境的《公共卫生法》，这部法律要求把污水和废弃物集中处理，并规定由地方当局负责供应清洁卫生的饮用水。1855年《首都管理法案》和《消除污害法案》规定成立首都工务委员会，全面负责英国的房屋和供水、排水系统的建设与管理。
在立法方面最为系统和重要的法律是1875通过的《公共卫生法》，它汇集了以前同类法规，内容相当完善，强调要使本国所有城镇都过上文明的社会生活，内容包括供水、排水、街道房屋管理、垃圾清理、食品卫生监督、疾病预防、殡葬、污染行业的管理，还规定地方当局必须任命负责卫生健康的委员，负责修筑管辖区排水沟，检查供水情况，建造符合标准的厕所，对食物、饮水、医院情况进行检查，对不符合标准或违反规定者处以罚款。《公共卫生法》的通过标志着英国建立起了世界上第一个公共卫生体系。1876年又颁布了《河流污染防治条例》，1878年通过了《公共卫生条例》，至此英国基本上建立起了完整的水资源污染防治的法律体系。
要彻底解决城市环境和疾病流行问题，势必牵涉到要改善工人阶级的住房和居住环境问题。为此，1875、1882年和1885年，英国议会相继颁布了三部《工人阶级住房法》，授予了首都工务委员会清除和改造贫民区的权力。1890年，议会又通过了新的《工人阶级住房法》，要求英国政府机构要为工人阶级提供更多的租赁住房。1894年《工人阶级住房法》进一步强调，政府不仅要提供用于购买贫民窟和补偿搬迁居民的贷款，也要为新建街道和下水道等配套设施提供贷款。
在解决严重污染环境的烟气问题上，英国议会也通过了一系列法律。早在1843年，议会就讨论通过了控制蒸汽机和炉灶排放烟尘的法案；
1863年，议会通过了第一个《碱业法》，要求制碱行业抑制95%的排放物，以控制路布兰制碱工艺所产生的毒气；
1874年又颁布了第二个碱业法，要求采取切实可行的措施来控制有毒和有害气体的排放，并且第一次制定了法定的氯化氢的最高排放量；
1906年，又再一次颁布制碱法，对那些散发有毒有害气体的行业作了分类，以控制这些气体的排放。
英国通过近100年左右持之以恒的不懈努力，使从工业革命时期所造成的环境污染和城市环境问题得到了有效的治理。今天的英国又恢复了过去的田园风光，过去污染最为严重的泰晤士河也变得水静河清，就连绝迹100多年的大马哈鱼也重新游回故里；
伦敦也彻底摘掉了“雾都”的帽子，重现蓝天白云，成为环境治理成功的典型。
四 针对英国工业发展道路的思考及反思
从英国工业革命时期的环境污染到今天的生态典范，英国留给了值得人们深思的很多经验和教训。从世界范围内来看，英国是一个非常典型的“先污染，后治理”的国家。为什么会造成这样严重的污染，原因在于企业生产和利润的最大化原则成为支配着企业的法则，也成为那个时代企业家的指导思想。就象英国历史学家克拉潘所说，新工业带来新的污水，而城市却为工业利益集团所支配，这个集团在任何场合下都既不懂得如何处理污水，也没有这种合法权利。他们为了自己的需要，就在河流上设立很多水闸，而河流中间所设立的水闸就使河水变成了死水，而这些死水塘发出来的臭气是最容易生成瘟疫的。
那么，如何解决这样一个企业生产越多环境污染越严重的难题。在这样的情况下，英国人运用了法律的资源，这也是他们的文化传统，就是要在立法上来对企业的社会责任进行规定，使企业成为环境保护的主体，同时也使政府的干预有了法律上的依据。一旦在法律上有了这样的规定性，任何人包括企业都必须照此执行。从上面所提到的关于环境保护的诸多的立法中就可以看到，在英国，议会在环境治理方面起到了主导性的作用，也就是说，是议会的立法力量，而不是政府的行政力量在治理环境污染方面起到了决定性的作用。例如，在1865年和1868年，议会两次建立皇家调查委员会，对全国的环境污染进行调查。因此，在环境治理等这些问题上，英国议会承担了相应的社会公共责任，并把解决这样的问题纳入到了法律的体制内来解决，这不能不说是英国对环境治理的经验和贡献。
另外，还应该看到，议会对环境治理的立法行动也促使了政府观念的转变。当议会通过了一系列的法律之后，迫使政府必须要遵循法律，实施治理。这样，政府从指导思想上也就由原来被动的自由放任转变为在法律的前提下进行积极主动地干预，并建立起统一的管理机构和监督机制。 实际上，在英国环境治理的过程中，起着重要作用的还有包括工人阶级在内的社会各个群体的不懈努力。例如工人阶级提出了改善自己生活条件的要求，并将此作为自己的基本权利。值得注意的是，在工人阶级的这些要求中，实际上也包括着改变居住环境，改善公共卫生条件，消除环境污染等内容，正因为此，环境治理、贫民窟改造和生活条件的改善一并成为了国家的重要任务，并且得到了逐步的解决。在此，我们要加深对贫穷的理解，它不仅指生活水平的物质层面，应该还包括着生活水平的生态环境和居住环境等层面；
同时，对人的权利的理解也自然包括着享有良好生态环境的权利。
还有很多出身于上流社会的人也在热心关注环境治理问题，并且投入了相应的时间、精力和热情。总之，社会各阶层的广泛参与和斗争，促进了环境的治理和改善。也正是在这一意义上，可以说，一部环境治理的历史也就是那些能够认识到和深受环境污染之害的社会大众斗争的历史，他们锲而不舍的努力，换来了环境的改善，使人们重新获得享有良好环境的权利。
回顾与反思英国工业革命与生态环境之间关系的这样一段历史，可以看到，英国在经济高速发展的同时，也为环境的破坏付出了沉重的代价，以后通过投入巨资，耗时100多年才重新改善了生态环境。面对着中国经济高速发展和工业化快速前进的今天，是重复英国工业革命的老路，还是要在保护生态环境的基础上实现经济发展，人与自然和谐共处？如果说，200年前工业革命开始的时候，人们还没有环境保护的意识，而今天由于处在“后发现代化”的地位，使得中国完全可以避免英国那样的悲剧再次上演。但能否真正地做到这一点，完全要取决于我们的智慧、观念以及积极的参与。
科技是如何破坏环境让环境全球变暖篇2
Global warming IS human made (Sat 19 Feb)
WARM-UPSCHAT: Talk in pairs or groups about global warming / penguins and polar bears / North Pole and South Pole / Kyoto Protocol / water / climate change / …Change topic / partner frequently to energize the class.
GLOBAL WARMING: Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with ‘global warming’. Share your words with your partner / group and talk about them.
WORLD WEATHER: In recent years it seems the world’s weather has gone crazy. Don’t you think so? Make a list of examples of strange weather happening around the globe. Talk in groups about this.
MY COUNTRY: Talk about changing weather in your country. Are weather patterns the same now as ten years ago? Is this good? What will the weather be like in the future?
WHAT WE CAN DO: In pairs / groups, discuss whether you will carry out the following things to help slow down global warming in the next week (act soon!). If you will not do these things, say why:
a.Walk instead of driving or taking public transport.
b.Use public transport instead of driving.
c.Write to US president George W. Bush urging him to sign the Kyoto Protocol.
d.Start planning to replace some of your electricity supply with renewable energy, such as solar or wind power.
e.Use the lights in your house less.
f.Replace your refrigerator and other electrical appliances with more energy efficient ones.
g.Plant a tree in the forest.
h.Recycle everything you use.
i.Donate money to organizations pushing for controls on global warming.
WARMING FUTURE: In pairs / groups, rank the following outcomes of global warming - most serious at the top.
a.Polar bears and penguins will disappear
b.Winters will be 10 degrees colder.
c.Malaria will travel north, affecting Europe, North America, and northern Asia.
d.Cockroaches will move to northern Europe, North America, and northern Asia.
e.Africa will become hotter and suffer more droughts.
f.Typhoons and hurricanes will become more powerful.
g.Skin cancers will increase.
h.Many countries will have no drinking water.
i.Countries such as the Maldives, Holland and Bangladesh will disappear under water.
j.Wars will start between countries fighting over water.
PRE-READING IDEAS
WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionaries / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … of the words ‘human’ and ‘activity’.
TRUE / FALSE: Predict whether the following statements about the article are true or false:
a.Global warming is caused by human activity, not natural environmental factors. T / F
b.Clear evidence of human-produced warming is in the world"s rivers. T / F
c.Global warming is not likely to impact water resources around the globe. T / F
d.Many world leaders have closed their ears to global warming. T / F
e.The US government doesn’t want to introduce expensive pollution controls. T / F
f.Global warming is a natural phenomenon, caused by volcanoes and solar energy. T / F
g.Scientists can simulate the likely future evolution of global warming. T / F
h.Millions of people will be at risk of having inadequate water supplies. T / F
SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article:
(a) findings affect(b) evidence happening(c) impact doubt(d) uncertainty research(e) pollution consequences(f) phenomenon quickened(g) compelling sufficient(h) implications proof(i) accelerated emissions(j) adequate conclusive
PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases based on the article
(a) findings resources(b) natural environmental evidence yet(c) Researchers have found clear controls(d) water immediately ahead(e) Many world leaders have closed risk(f) pollution evolution(g) This is perhaps the most compelling from a new study(h) future their ears(i) In the decades evidence(j) putting millions of people at phenomenon
GAP FILLGlobal warming IS human made (Sat 19 Feb)
BNE: Findings from a new study __________ Friday proves that global warming is caused by human activity, and not by natural environmental factors. Researchers at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography have found __________ evidence of human-produced warming in the world"s oceans that is likely to impact water resources in regions around the __________. This finding removes much of the uncertainty associated with __________ about global warming. Many world leaders have closed their ears to this fact so they don’t have to limit their economic activity or introduce expensive pollution controls. This is one of the reasons America has not signed the Kyoto Treaty on climate change. The US government prefers to believe global warming is a natural __________, caused by volcanoes and solar energy. Professor Tim Barnett said, “This is perhaps the most compelling evidence yet that global warming is happening right now and it shows that we can successfully __________ its past and likely future evolution.” Barnett says the results hold implications for millions of people in the near future. In the decades immediately ahead, the changes will be felt in regional water __________, including areas impacted by accelerated glacier melting in the South American Andes and in western China, putting millions of people at __________ without adequate summertime water. Perhaps now more countries will sign up to the Kyoto Protocol.
globe simulate risk released supplies phenomenon clear debates
DISCUSSION:
a.What do you think of this article – are you worried?
b.Are you pessimistic or optimistic about the future of our climate?
c.Do you prefer hot or cold countries?
d.What do you do to conserve energy?
e.Do you waste a lot of electricity?
f.Would you say you are very environmentally aware, or do you rarely think about the environment?
g.Do you idle the engine of your car?
h.What do you think of renewable energies, such as solar, wind or wave power?
i.Isn’t nuclear power best for the environment?
j.Why doesn’t US president George W. Bush sign the Kyoto Protocol?
k.How would your life change if water became ten times more expensive?
l.What would you do if your winters became 20 degrees colder and your summers 20 degrees hotter?
m.How can we save the Maldives, Holland and Bangladesh from disappearing under water?
n.Teacher / Student additional questions.
HOMEWORK
MY COUNTRY: Create a poster describing the weather patterns of your country, past, present and future.
FULL TEXTGlobal warming IS human made (Sat 19 Feb)
BNE: Findings from a new study released Friday proves that global warming is caused by human activity, and not by natural environmental factors. Researchers at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography have found clear evidence of human-produced warming in the world"s oceans that is likely to impact water resources in regions around the globe. This finding removes much of the uncertainty associated with debates about global warming. Many world leaders have closed their ears to this fact so they don’t have to limit their economic activity or introduce expensive pollution controls. This is one of the reasons America has not signed the Kyoto Treaty on climate change. The US government prefers to believe global warming is a natural phenomenon, caused by volcanoes and solar energy. Professor Tim Barnett said, “This is perhaps the most compelling evidence yet that global warming is happening right now and it shows that we can successfully simulate its past and likely future evolution.” Barnett says the results hold implications for millions of people in the near future. In the decades immediately ahead, the changes will be felt in regional water supplies, including areas impacted by accelerated glacier melting in the South American Andes and in western China, putting millions of people at risk without adequate summertime water. Perhaps now more countries will sign up to the Kyoto Protocol.
科技是如何破坏环境让环境全球变暖篇3
全球气候变暖及其对大环境的影响
作者：李平日;侯日平
作者机构：广州地理研究所,广东广州,510070;广州地理研究所,广东广州,510070
来源：人民珠江
ISSN：1001-9235
年：2000
卷：000
期：003
页码：1-5
页数：5
中图分类：X16
正文语种：chi
关键词：气候变暖;环境变化;水利规划
摘要：全球气候变暖使全球气温上升、极地冰川消融,并导致洪、旱、涝、台风等灾害发生机率增大,可持续发展的水利规划应考虑全球气候变暖及其引起全球大环境变化的影响因素.对国内外专家的统计、模拟计算资料总结分析,指出地球周期性暖期到来及工业二氧化碳等温室效应气体排放量增大是全球变暖的根本原因,而全球气候变暖引起的海平面上升、蒸发量增加、降雨量增大、台风暴潮加剧等全球大环境变化则导致自然灾害发生频率增加.全球气候变暖成因及气候变暖对全球大环境影响的分析,对我国华南、西南等地区的水利规划提供了新的参考因素.
科技是如何破坏环境让环境全球变暖篇4
篇一:《全球变暖英语作文》全球变暖英语作文作文一
Peoplearoundtheworldmayfeelthattheclimatehasbeengettingsteadilywarmerandwarmerinrecentyears.Placeswhichusedtobeabundantinsnowfallhavefrequentlyexperiencedsnowfreewinters.Droughtlastslongerinsomedryareas.Peoplefindthatwithoutairconditionerstheycouldhardlyworkorfallasleeponhottersummerdays.
ThesideeffectsofglobalwarmingarealarminS.Awarmerglobalclimatemeltstheicecaps,raisingsealevels.Whatismore,itdisturbsweatherpatterns,causingdroughts,severestorms,
hurricanes.Peoplesufferalotfromdisastersrelevanttoglobalwarming.
Tostopglobalwarmingweshouldmakeimmediateandcontinualefforts.Wehopethesituationwillsoonchange.Globalwarmingcatchesandholdsourconcern,foritaffectsusandwillaffectourlatergenerations.Wecannotwaitanylonger.Doit.Doitright.Doitrightnow.作文二全球变暖
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicEnvironmentalProtection.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响2.引起全球变暖的原因3.我们需要采取的措施EnvironmentalProtection
Noone，regardlessofrace,religionornationality,candenythattheworldweliveinisbecomingincreasinglyintolerablebecauseoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Accordingtomanyexperts,evengreaterimpactsarestillontheway.
Therearenumerouscausesforthisproblem.Ononehand,human-relatedemissionsofcarbonintotheatmosphereiscausing,andwillinthefuturecause,significantglobalwarmingaccordingtothe
theory.Ontheotherhand,thelackofknowledgeabouttheimportanceofprotectingenvironmenthindersthesolvingoftheproblem.Itisurgentthatimmediateandeffectiveactionsshouldbetakenrightaway.First,moretreesneedtobeplantedtohelpimproveandbeautifytheenvironment.Besides,stricterlawsconcerningglobalwarmingandirresponsibleuseoffuelresourceshavetobeputintoeffectandachievedgoodresults.Inaword,thereisalongwaytogobeforewecantakeacomfortableworldforgrantedagain.作文三
全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，为“节能减排”献计献策。背景
随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约70%为二氧化碳，这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一后果
海平面上升；
自然灾害频繁。措施
1.多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；
2.在可能的情况下以步代车；
3.......4.......要求：
1.短文必须包括表格中的所有内容要点，可适当发挥，措施中3、4点由考生自由发挥；
2.词数：100左右。
Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,moreandmoregreenhousegasesarebeingdischargedintotheair.CO2makesupabout70%ofthe
greenhousegases,whichisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestcausesofglobalwarming.Ithasharmfuleffects,causingthesealeveltoriseandmanynaturaldisasterstostrike.Sowemusttakeeffectivemeasurestosaveourplanet.First,weshouldusemorecleanenergyandlesscoalandoil.Second,weshouldgotoworkonfootorbybusinsteadofdrivingacarifpossible.Third,weshouldplantmoretrees,becauseplantscanturnCO2intooxygen.Moreimportantly,weshouldformthehabitofsavingenergyinourdailylife.作文四
Ladiesandgentlemen,
Goodmorning,IamLiHuafromTianjin,China.It’smygreathonortobeheretotalkabouttheglobalwarmingproblemandwaysofdealingwithit.
Lately,globalwarmingisbecomingaseriousproblem.Several
factorscontributetoit.Firstofall,alotofgreenhousegasisproducedbycarsandfactories;furthermore,thelossofforestsisanothercauseofglobalwarming.{如何缓解全球变暖，英文}.
Globalwarmingwillcausesomeharmfuleffects.Firstly,someislandswilldisappearbecauseoftheriseofsealevel.Secondly,extremeweatherresultsfromglobalwarming.Whentemperaturerises,theproductionofcropswilldecrease.Besides,someanimalsandplantswilldisappear,thusdestroyingtheecosystem.
Soweshouldprotecttheearthfromgreenhousegases.Weshouldplanttreesandreducetheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Hopeourearthcanbecomebetterandbetter.That’sall.Thankyou.作文五
ToControltheGlobalWarming
Duringthelate20century,globalwarmingbecamemoreandmorebotheringtohumanbeings.
Nowadays,itiscommonlyacknowledgedthattomaintainpermanentpeaceanddevelopment,environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedwithhighestpriority.Inmyopinion,tocontrolglobalwarming,
governmentshouldcarryoutsensiblepoliciesandcommonpeoplealsoshouldtaketheirresibonsibilities.
IcanrememberbigsnowcameeveryyearwhenIwasachild,andtheweatherwassocoldthatIcouldn‘tgooutdoorswithoutmyscarfandhat.Buttheseyears,bigsnowsarehardtosee,andeveninDecember,youneedn’tweartoomuchbecauseit’snotcoldatall.Theclimateischanging.Inthepastdecades,globalwarmingarousemanycountriesattentionandtheydotooksomemeasurestoeasethisproblem.However,thoughtheKyotoProtocolwassigned,some
countriesarenotwillingtoholdtheirpaceofeconomicdevelopment.Todrivetheglobalwarmingundercontrol,westillhavealongwaytogo.
Governmentsarethemainforceinthecombatagainstglobalwarming.Ontheissuesconcerningglobalwarming,thevarietyofattitudestowardglobalwarmingisagreatestobstacleforustowinthiscombat.So,atfirst,allthecountriesmustreachanagreementonstrikingabalancebetweendevelopingeconomyandsolvingthisenvironmentalproblem.Then,someeffectivepoliciesshouldbeadoptedtoreducetheemissionofthegreenhousegases.
Commonpeople"sinvolvementsarethekeytoeasetheglobalwarming.Onepersonsablityisslight,butifeveryonecanmakealittleeffort,theachivementwillbeincredible.Whatcanwedoforit?Ithinkfirst,wecanlearnsomethingaboutglobalwarming,tobeawareofitandtoknowourresiponsiblitiestothisplanet.Inaddition,wecanshouldnottomakegreenhousegases,specificlly,totakebusorridebicycleinsteadofdrivingprivatecar.
Ifwehumanbeingscanmakejointefforttotakecareofthisplanet.Ithinkglobalwarmingwillcertainlybesolvedinthenearfuture.作文六
THECRISISOFGLOBALWARMINGBackground:全球变暖
Cause:温室气体排放,其中大约70%为二氧化碳.consequence:海平面上升自然灾害频繁
measures:1节约家用电器2少用机动车辆3.植树造林
词数120个
Globalwarminghasbecomeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalconcernsforpeopleallovertheworld.{如何缓解全球变暖，英文}.
Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,theemissionofthegreenhousegas,consistingofabout70%carbondioxide,hasbeensteadilyincreased,contributinggreatlytotheglobalwarming.Theincreaseinthetemperatureoftheearthhascausedmanyharmfuleffects.Itmeltstheicecaps,raisingsealevels.Itdisturbsweatherpatterns,causingfrequentnaturaldisasterssuchasfloods,droughts,severestorms,hurricanes(飓风,andsoon.
Actually,it’seasyforeveryonetodosomethingtosaveenergyandreducetheemissionof
greenhousegas.Forexample,turnoffanelectricalapplianceifitisnotused.Walking,cycling,carpoolingorusingpublic
transportationinsteadofusingmotorvehiclesareallgoodwaystoreducetheemissionofcarbondioxide.
Wearealsosupposedtoplanttreesandpreserveforests.Everyindividualcountsandindividualstogethermakesabigdifference.作文七倡议书
1．据报道，在过去的十年间，北极圈内的平均气温比以前升高了2—3摄氏度。
2．2009年12月的哥本哈根世界气候峰会要求各国减少温室气体排放，拯救地球。
3．2010年新年刚开始，极度寒冷的天气袭击了亚洲、欧洲和北美洲。恶劣的天气正是全球变暖的后果。
（就素材号召同学们行动起来积极应对地球变暖）Dearfellowstudents,
ItisreportedthattheaveragetemperaturewithintheArcticCirclehasrisenby2—3degreesCelsiusinthepasttenyears.AttheCopenhagenClimateSummit2009allnationswererequiredtoreducethegreenhousegasemissiontosavetheearth.Atthebeginningof
2010,extremelycoldweatherhitAsia,Europe,andNorthAmerica,whichistheevidenceofglobalwarming.
Asisknowntoall,ourenvironmenthasbeenworseningduetohumanactivities.Ifwedon’ttakeeffectivemeasuresnow,humanbeingswillnotbeabletosurviveinthefuture.Ifwecansaveenergy,recyclewasteandplantmoretrees,wecanmaketheearthabetterplace.Solet’stakeactionfromnowon!let’ssavetheearth.作文八
LadiesandGentlemen,
Goodmorning.I’mLiHuafromFujian,China.It’smygreathonortobeheretosaysomethingabouttheglobalwatershortageandwaysofdealingwithit.
Asweknow,theglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglysevermainlyduetoglobalwarming,environmentalpollutionandtheever-increasingpopulation.Therefore,it’shightimewedidsomethingaboutit.
Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreservewaterinascientificwayforfutureuse.Secondly,newmethodsneedtobe
developedtousetheexistingwasterresources,forexample,turningseawaterintofreshwater.Thirdly,wemuststoopwaterpollutionbylaw.Lastbutnotleast,it’severyone’sresponsibilitytomakegooduseofwater,suchasrecyclingandsavingwaterinourdailylife.
Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage,protectthepresentwaterresourcesandexplorepotentialonesscientifically.作文九
globalwarmingandourlife
Globalwarminghasquicklybecomeoneofthemostheatedissues.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,theemissionofthegreenhousegas,consistingofabout70%carbondioxide,hasbeenincreased,attributinggreatlytotheglobalwarming.
Globalwarmingistheslowandsteadyincreaseinthetemperatureofearthanditsatmosphere.Theincreaseinthetemperatureofearth
hascausedmanyeffectslikethemeltingoficeinPolarRegions,
increaseindiseaseoccurrences,drasticclimaticchangesandriseofthesealevel.
Astheeffectsofglobalwarmingisbecomingmoreandmoreevident,manyofushavestartedtorealizethatstepshavetobetakentocontrolGlobalwarming,suchastheusageofcleanenergyresourcesandthealternativeofmotor.作文十
Onepossibleversion:Deareditor,
ThecurtainwentdownontheCopenhagenclimatesummit,leavingtheworldconcernedmoreaboutglobalwarmingonceagain.
Asiswellknown,itishumanactivitythathascontributedtothisproblem.Theburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoilproducesgreenhousegases.Whenhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideareputintotheatmosphere,moreheatenergytendstobetrappedinitcausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.
However,theattitudesofscientiststowardsthisrisearecompletelydifferent.Ontheonehand,it’spredictedthattheremaybeariseofseveralmetresinthesealevel,extremeclimatechangeorthedisappearanceofspecies.Ontheotherhand,it’ssupposedthattherisewillmakeplantsgrowquickerandproducemore,thusencouragingagreaterrangeofanimals.
Itseemsthatthetopiciscontroversialandthereisalongwaytogo.
篇二:《环境问题-全球变暖(英文版》
GlobalwarmingIShumanmade(Sat19FebWARM-UPS
CHAT:Talkinpairsorgroupsaboutglobalwarming/penguinsandpolarbears/NorthPoleandSouthPole/KyotoProtocol/water/climatechange/…Changetopic/partnerfrequentlytoenergizetheclass.
GLOBALWARMING:Spendoneminutewritingdownallofthedifferentwordsyouassociatewith„globalwarming‟.Shareyourwordswithyourpartner/groupandtalkaboutthem.
WORLDWEATHER:Inrecentyearsitseemstheworld’sweatherhasgonecrazy.Don’tyouthinkso?Makealistofexamplesofstrangeweatherhappeningaroundtheglobe.Talkingroupsaboutthis.MYCOUNTRY:Talkaboutchangingweatherinyourcountry.Areweatherpatternsthesamenowastenyearsago?Isthisgood?Whatwilltheweatherbelikeinthefuture?WHATWECANDO:Inpairs/groups,discusswhetheryouwillcarryoutthefollowingthesethings,saywhy:a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.
Walkinsteadofdrivingortakingpublictransport.Usepublictransportinsteadofdriving.
WritetoUSpresidentGeorgeW.BushurginghimtosigntheKyotoProtocol.
Startplanningtoreplacesomeofyourelectricitysupplywithrenewableenergy,suchassolarorwindpower.Usethelightsinyourhouseless.
Replaceyourrefrigeratorandotherelectricalapplianceswithmoreenergyefficientones.
Plantatreeintheforest.Recycleeverythingyouuse.
Donatemoneytoorganizationspushingforcontrolsonglobalwarming.WARMINGFUTURE:Inpairs/groups,rankthefollowingoutcomesofglobalwarming-mostseriousatthetop.
a.Polarbearsandpenguinswilldisappearb.Winterswillbe10degreescolder.
c.Malariawilltravelnorth,affectingEurope,NorthAmerica,andnorthernAsia.d.CockroacheswillmovetonorthernEurope,NorthAmerica,andnorthernAsia.e.Africawillbecomehotterandsuffermoredroughts.f.Typhoonsandhurricaneswillbecomemorepowerful.g.Skincancerswillincrease.
h.Manycountrieswillhavenodrinkingwater.
i.CountriessuchastheMaldives,HollandandBangladeshwill
disappearunderwater.j.Warswillstartbetweencountriesfightingoverwater.PRE-READINGIDEAS
WORDSEARCH:Lookinyourdictionaries/computertofindcollocates,othermeanings,information,synonyms…ofthewords‘human’and‘activity’.
TRUE/FALSE:Predictwhetherthefollowingstatementsaboutthearticlearetrueorfalse:a.b.c.d.e.f.
Globalwarmingiscausedbyhumanactivity,notnaturalenvironmentalfactors.T/FClearevidenceofhuman-producedwarmingisintheworld"srivers.T/FGlobalwarmingisnotlikelytoimpactwaterresourcesaroundtheglobe.T/FManyworldleadershaveclosedtheirearstoglobalwarming.T/F
TheUSgovernmentdoesn‟twanttointroduceexpensivepollutioncontrols.T/FGlobalwarmingisanaturalphenomenon,causedbyvolcanoesandsolarenergy.T/F
g.Scientistscansimulatethelikelyfutureevolutionofglobalwarming.T/F
h.Millionsofpeoplewillbeatriskofhavinginadequatewatersupplies.T/F
SYNONYMMATCH:Matchthefollowingsynonymsfromthearticle:(a(b(c(d(e(f(g(h(i(jfindingsevidenceimpactuncertaintypollutionphenomenoncompellingimplicationsacceleratedadequateaffecthappeningdoubtresearch
consequencesquickenedsufficientproofemissionsconclusivePHRASEMATCH:Matchthefollowingphrasesbasedonthearticle(a(b(c(d(e(f(g(h(i(jfindingsnatural
environmentalResearchershavefoundclearwaterManyworldleadershaveclosedpollutionThisisperhapsthemostcompellingfutureInthedecadesputtingmillionsofpeopleatresourcesevidenceyetcontrols
immediatelyaheadriskevolution
fromanewstudytheirearsevidencephenomenonGAPFILL
GlobalwarmingIShumanmade(Sat19Feb
BNE:Findingsfromanewstudy__________Fridayprovesthatglobalwarmingiscausedbyhumanactivity,andnotbynaturalenvironmentalfactors.ResearchersattheScrippsInstituteofOceanographyhavefound__________evidenceofhuman-producedwarmingintheworld"soceansthatislikelytoimpactwaterresourcesinregionsaroundthe__________.Thisfindingremovesmuchoftheuncertaintyassociatedwith__________aboutglobalwarming.Manyworldleadershaveclosedtheirearstothisfactsotheydon‟thavetolimittheireconomicactivityorintroduceexpensivepollutioncontrols.Thisisoneof
thereasonsAmericahasnotsignedtheKyotoTreatyonclimatechange.TheUSgovernmentpreferstobelieveglobalwarmingisanatural__________,causedbyvolcanoesandsolarenergy.ProfessorTim
Barnettsaid,“Thisisperhapsthemostcompellingevidenceyetthatglobalwarmingishappeningrightnowanditshowsthatwecansuccessfully__________itspastandlikelyfutureevolution.”
Barnettsaystheresultsholdimplicationsformillionsofpeopleinthenearfuture.Inthedecadesimmediatelyahead,thechangeswillbefeltinregionalwater__________,includingareasimpactedbyacceleratedglaciermeltingintheSouthAmericanAndesandinwesternChina,puttingmillionsofpeopleat__________without
adequatesummertimewater.PerhapsnowmorecountrieswillsignuptotheKyotoProtocol.globesimulateriskreleasedsuppliesphenomenoncleardebatesDISCUSSION:a.b.c.d.e.f.
Whatdoyouthinkofthisarticle–areyouworried?
Areyoupessimisticoroptimisticaboutthefutureofourclimate?Doyoupreferhotorcoldcountries?Whatdoyoudotoconserveenergy?Doyouwastealotofelectricity?
Wouldyousayyouareveryenvironmentallyaware,ordoyourarelythinkabouttheenvironment?
g.Doyouidletheengineofyourcar?
h.Whatdoyouthinkofrenewableenergies,suchassolar,windorwavepower?i.Isn’tnuclearpowerbestfortheenvironment?j.Whydoesn’tUSpresidentGeorgeW.BushsigntheKyotoProtocol?k.Howwouldyourlifechangeifwaterbecametentimesmoreexpensive?
l.Whatwouldyoudoifyourwintersbecame20degreescolderandyoursummers20degreeshotter?
